Brome mosaic virus (BMV) is an alphavirus belonging to the family Bromoviridae. It is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus that can infect a series of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants. This virus cannot cause huge economic losses to farmers, but infected plants remain stunted and reduce yield. BMV is naturally transmitted through beetles, aphids, fungi, nematodes, and other weed species. The genome of BMV has been divided into four RNAs, of which RNA 1 and 2 have helicase and replication functions, whereas RNA 3 and RNA 4 are involved in the systemic infection of the virus. The mechanism of infection and spread of the disease has rarely been studied, and there are no reports of the resistant variety of this virus yet.