Banana bract mosaic virus (BBrMV) is the causal pathogen of banana bract mosaic disease, a significant concern in the banana industry. Belonging to the Potyviridae family, BBrMV possesses a positive single-stranded RNA genome that encodes a polyprotein, generating ten vital functional proteins. These proteins are essential to the virus’s life cycle and host plants’ interaction. BBrMV has varying symptoms on infected plants, such as pigmented mosaic patterns on bracts, leaves, pseudostem, and suckers. Additionally, infected plants may produce deformed bunches and underdeveloped fingers. The economic consequences are substantial, with recorded yield losses in affected countries, particularly in the Philippines and India. It mainly affects the genus Musa. However, several studies showed that other plants, such as cardamom and flowering ginger, could be infected. Exploring the diversity of key viral proteins offers insights into the intricate host-pathogen interactions, aiding the development of detection methods and a deeper understanding of its life cycle. Noteworthy progress in disease management includes the utilization of beneficial microorganisms and the development of resistant lines employing pathogen-derived resistance and RNAi technology.