The Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) is a small circular RNA molecule that causes diseases in plants, particularly potatoes. Viroid is unique infectious agent that consist solely of RNA and lack a protein coat that surrounds the viruses. PSTVd is one of the first viroid to be discovered and characterized. PSTVd was discovered in the 1970s when researchers investigated the cause of a potato disease that resulted in deformed, spindle-like tubers. This disease was eventually found to be caused by this small RNA molecule. The presence of PSTVd can lead to significant losses in potato crops because of the reduced yield and quality of the tubers. Infected plants may not produce marketable potatoes, which affects both commercial and subsistence potato production. PSTVd serves as a model system for studying the molecular mechanisms of viroid replication, pathogenesis, and host interactions. Management of PSTVd involves using disease-free planting material, practicing proper sanitation measures to prevent its spread, and breeding potato varieties that are resistant to viroid. Regulatory measures and certification programs were implemented to control dissemination.