Hop latent viroid (HLVd) is a widespread hop pathogen that does not normally induce noticeable symptoms, but change the chemical composition of infected plants, affecting key compounds in brewing and pharmaceutical industries. In recent years, HLVd has been an emerging pathogen in cannabis-growing facilities, causing severe symptoms in some cultivars, significantly altering the yield and levels of cannabinoids for medicinal use, which raised an alert to the importance of controlling this pathogen that can impact the cannabis industry. In this chapter, I address different aspects of this viroid involving its classification and taxonomy, geographic distribution, transmission, host range and symptomatology, pathogenicity, identification methods, epidemiology, economic importance, as well as management and control strategies.