Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) is a significant plant virus that poses economic and environmental concerns to pepper crops worldwide. Its effect on yield reduction, fruit quality, and potential food shortages highlights the need for effective disease control in cropping systems. Achieving global food security is further challenged by the presence of PMMoV and its ability to survive in various environments, including water sources, where it serves as an indicator of fecal contamination. Cultivating resistant pepper genotypes and implementing sanitation practices are crucial to combat PMMoV. Ongoing research and investment in disease management strategies are essential for protecting pepper production and natural ecosystems. Comprehensive measures are necessary to mitigate the impact of PMMoV, ensure sustainable agriculture, and safeguard ecosystems from this viral threat. This chapter elaborates on the geographical, epidemiological, and host distribution of PMMoV.