This chapter will include comprehensive information about the most widely recognized plant viruses that impact leguminous crops globally, that is, Pea Enation Mosaic Virus, and traces its impact on agriculture, its genome structure, replication strategies, and interactions with host plants. Understanding these molecular intricacies is crucial for the development of effective control measures and targeted management approaches. Examining the symptoms and disease progression of Pea Enation Mosaic Virus (PEMV), the range of visual cues that aid in early detection and diagnosis with different modes of virus transmission, including the role of aphid vectors and other mechanisms that facilitate its spread among plant populations, are discussed in the present chapter. This chapter also briefly emphasizes on the management strategies for PEMV, such as cultural practices, deployment of resistant cultivars, and integrated pest management techniques that have a promising role in mitigating the impact of the virus on crop yield and quality. This chapter examines scientific discoveries, advancements, and practical insights, aiming readers ranging from researchers, plant virologists, and agricultural professionals to provide a deeper understanding of PEMV’s complexities, empowering them to navigate its challenges, and contributing to safeguarding the global food supply through innovative and collaborative approaches.