Development of novel cultivars in Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.,) is the prime and actively growing research field owing to their commercial and nutritional importance. ThoughTraditional breeding traditional breedingBreeding strategies such as introduction, pure line selectionPure line selection and hybridizationHybridization have shown to be successful in developing new moringa cultivarsCultivar, it is off late opined that such strategies demand huge time, effort and cost. Alternatively, leveraging the advances in the genomicsGenomics and other omics field for the genetic improvementGenetic improvement of MoringaMoringa for various traits may fasten and simplify the process of releasing novel cultivars in Moringa. Particularly, genetic improvement of its resilienceResilience, yieldYield, nutritional quality, and ability to respond to a variety of agroecological environments would help to fully realize the promise of moringa as a nutrient-dense, sustainable crop for global food and nutrition security. Enhancing characteristics including seed size, pod shape, leaf size, and plant architecture can improve the agronomic performance and marketability of moringa. The nutritional and therapeuticTherapeutic chemicals value of moringaMoringa can be increased by breeding for higher concentrations of bioactive substancesBioactive substances found in moringa (including phytochemicalsPhytochemicals, anti-inflammatory agentsAnti-inflammatory agents, and antioxidants). This chapter describes the principles and applications of different next generation plant breedingPlant breeding strategies in MoringaMoringa breedingBreeding, besides providing details on troubleshooting measures that can speed-up the cultivarCultivar releasing process.