Legumes are crucial components of sustainable agriculture and have the potential to improve both human and animal health. Through their capacity to fix atmospheric nitrogen, recycle nutrients, increase soil carbon content, and diversify cropping systems, legumes also offer other crucial benefits to agriculture. Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.), family; FabaceaeFabaceae, the strategic and very valuable medicinal plant, which has many advantageous pharmaceutical features, makes a significant contribution to the export of herbs. Iran’s biodiversity of licoriceLicorice is currently threatened by rising demand and a sharp loss in its natural habitats. Thus, domesticationDomestication of licorice would soon be required, and molecularMolecular breedingBreeding would aid in the introduction of genotypesGenotype suitable for agriculture. An essential first step in the agroecological transformation of the world’s agri-food systems is the expansion and profitability of the cultivation of legumes. To enhance yieldYield, resistance to stressors, grain quality, and nutritional and nutraceutical qualities, legume breeders and geneticists have used a variety of traditional and modern breeding approches. Conventional breeding techniques are time-consuming, costly, and ineffective for achieving the required results. However, cutting-edge breeding methods including omics, transgenicTransgenic technology, genomics-assisted breedingGenomics-assisted breeding, speed breedingSpeed breeding, association and mapping research, and alien gene introgression will support sustainable agriculture and food securityFood security. This chapter focus on progress in the breedingBreeding background and methods for sustainable GlycyrrhizaGlycyrrhiza genus cultivationCultivation and breeding.