BarberryBarberry, a shrub widely spread acrossDomestication temperate and subtropical regions, holds a significant place in the traditional medicineTraditional medicine practices of ancient civilizations. The genus BerberisBerberis, particularly notable for its alkaloidsAlkaloids like berberineBerberine, along with a wealth of antioxidantAntioxidant compounds such as phenolicPhenolics acids and anthocyaninsAnthocyanins, is gaining increasing attention. Extensive research has delved into the pharmacologicalPharmacological potential of barberryBarberry, exploring its efficacy in treating heart disease, its anti-cancer properties, and its antimicrobial effects. A significant amount of research has been conducted on the geneticGenetic diversityGenetic diversity of barberryBarberry intra- and inter-species in morphological, biochemical and molecular markersMolecular marker. However, there are a few breedingBreeding programs focused on the geneticGenetic improvementGenetic improvement of barberryBarberry for medicinal proposes. Furthermore, molecular research has focused on botany and species classification, chiefly between MahoniaMahonia and BerberisBerberis. There are also concerns related to susceptible BerberisBerberis spp. roles as a wheat-black-rust alternate host and BerberisBerberis as an invasive species. Some species of BerberisBerberis are resistant to wheat-black-rusts and there are reports on resistant black-rust gene map loci in BerberisBerberis. Additionally, assessments of low-risk areas for the spread of black rust show great promise for the future. Except for ornamental barberriesBarberry cultivars, only a Iranian barberryBarberry cultivar ‘Zereshk Bidaneh’ is domesticated and cultivated on a commercial scale for the consumption of its fruit. This cultivar has seedless berries and is very productive, resistant to adverse environmental conditions, and is mostly used as a food seasoning. There are many concerns for barberryBarberry cultivationCultivation and, the future depends on the development of wheat-black-rust resistant cultivars, and expanded commercial usage of their alkaloidsAlkaloids and bioactive components.