Hypoparathyroidism is a common complication after neck surgery that can be transient or permanent. Permanent hypoparathyroidism has significant detrimental effects on the quality of life and health of patients suffering from this disease. Treatment for hypoparathyroidism is challenging, especially in cases refractory to oral calcium and vitamin D therapy. Recombinant PTH injection is a promising strategy, but is cost ineffective and has numerous side effects. In this chapter, we review parathyroid allotransplantation as a possible avenue for treatment for this challenging patient population and currently available literature on this innovative approach.