This chapter points out central didactical challenges and ways of dealing with sustainability issues in religious education in schools. In doing so, it refers primarily to the recent research discourse on pedagogical issues in German-speaking countries. The concept of “Religious Education for Sustainable Development” shows ways to enable students to deal responsibly with the environment and fellow human beings. First, the chapter presents characteristics of the approach of Religious Education for Sustainable Development in German speaking countries. Second, some general didactic guidelines and concrete methods for school practice are concluded from this. Third, the chapter highlights some research desiderata.