Internationalization appeals to many and for various reasons: entrepreneurs to legitimate their new ventures; CEOs to boost their firms’ growth; and policy makers to stimulate economic growth. It is a mature phenomenon with well-established theories and theoretical frameworks that can predict and explain the internationalization behavior of firms. Together with de-internationalization and re-internationalization, it is part of a firm’s cross-border activity that falls within the scope of IB. Internationalization, de-internationalization, and re-internationalization are distinct types of cross-border activities (Fig. 1.1 ), and so are the antecedents, motives, and modes of these cross-border activity types. In this book, we adopt this view and apply it to analyze how business model configurations can help enhance the understanding of the relationship between de-internationalization and re-internationalization. Internationalization as a process and a state allows firms to gradually or instantly cross national borders to commit to diverse relationships with key stakeholders in international contexts. This “heavily loaded” definition of internationalization needs “unpacking.”