Ergot disease, caused by fungi of the genus Claviceps, affects cereal crop inflorescences and produces dark fungal structures known as sclerotia. Claviceps species infect grass ovaries, primarily threatening cross-pollinated crops owing to their inability to penetrate closed glumes. The most concerning species is Claviceps purpurea, which is widely distributed across temperate regions and infects various grass species, notably rye. Other Species, such as C. africana and C. fusiformis, pose threats to sorghum and pearl millet, respectively. Ergot’s main threat lies not in yield reduction but in the contamination of harvests by toxic alkaloids in sclerotia, causing health issues in humans and animals. Historically, ergotism outbreaks have occurred, particularly during the Middle Ages, leading to fatalities and societal impacts. The recent spread of ergotism in livestock has highlighted its significance. However, these outbreaks can be mitigated through proper management and a thorough understanding of ergot ecology and its impacts. Continuous research and surveillance are essential for monitoring and controlling ergot outbreaks globally. This chapter discusses the economic significance, biology, variability, host range, and management of diseases caused by the Claviceps fungus, providing valuable insights for researchers and farmers. Furthermore, it explores the potential of using artificial intelligence and machine learning to detect and manage pathogens and related diseases at an early stage.