Diplodia are prevalent in many habitats worldwide. Diplodia fungi have successfully colonized various woody hosts, from dense forests to urban landscapes, establishing their presence on nearly every continent. Species within the Diplodia genus have been classified based on their associations with various host plants, leading to the description of more than 1000 species. D. seriata infects a wide range of hosts, including more than 34 different plant species. The pathogen primarily affects mature trees, particularly those under stress from factors such as drought, excessive soil moisture, root restriction and other biotic stresses. Pycnidia (conidia) are considered the most significant source of inoculum for dissemination. D. maydis produces a mycotoxin in maize that is responsible for a well-known disease called diplodiosis, which affects cattle and sheep in southern Africa. Pruning is an effective cultural control method and should be performed to eliminate lesions in young shoots. Fungicides have demonstrated potential in the management of Diplodia canker and stem-end rot in various plants. However, their widespread use is limited by environmental concerns. Biological control of Diplodia diseases shows promise as a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach to manage this fungal pathogen in various plant species.