The dura mater, the outermost meningeal layer, plays a critical role in protecting the brain and maintaining its structural integrity. This chapter delves into the complex hierarchical biomechanics of the dura mater, emphasizing the importance of its collagenous structure, vascular framework, and nerve elements. It highlights the challenges in designing effective dural grafts that replicate the dura mater’s mechanical and functional properties. The chapter explores various graft materials, including synthetic polymers and naturally derived options, discussing their biocompatibility, mechanical strength, and clinical applications. Additionally, it addresses the critical role of the dura mater in maintaining a watertight seal to prevent cerebrospinal fluid leakage. Through a multiscale approach, this chapter provides insights into the mechanical behavior of the dura mater across different length scales, underscoring the necessity for interdisciplinary research in developing advanced dural substitutes that enhance neurosurgical outcomes and patient recovery.