The present chapter focuses on the violin, one of the most widespread instruments in the world today, regarded among the emblematic instruments in Romanian traditional music, with an extremely rich artistic and technical value. The instrument is used in all the genres and repertoires of traditional music, primarily serving as a solo instrument or doubling main melodic themes, but as an accompaniment as well. This chapter aims to provide a brief diachronic retrospective on the violin, offering an in-depth analysis of its distinctive contribution, the roles and functions of the instrument within traditional Romanian musicTraditional Romanian music. The study highlights semantic and aesthetic aspects, the evolution of the instrument, particular performance techniques, the diversity of construction models and the continuous trend of refinement, all in relation to contemporary contextualization and realities.