Africa is a multilingual continent in which many linguistic groups are in contact and not in frequent competition. Therefore, the language problems faced by policymakers within these nations are the choice of official language(s) and the means of instruction. Mozambique, as an African country, has many linguistic populations in permanent contact and competition. This competition is within Mozambican Bantu languages per se and outside the group, with Portuguese, the only official language. Portuguese is estimated to be the second-most spoken language as a mother tongue in Mozambique with about 16.5% speakers (after Emakhuwa, with 25.9% speakers). Xichangana is the third with 8.6% speakers, followed by Elomwe (7.0%) and Cisena (6.9%). Portuguese was chosen as the only official language for purposes of national unity that was promoted by FRELIMO at the FRELIMO party congress in 1977 where Samora Machel, the first president of Mozambique, launched a political programme called the “Homen Novo” (Samora, 19,771,977). The “Homem Novo” programme promoted the eradication of tribalism and discrimination across social categories such as gender, clan and ethnicity. The promotion of ethnic-cultural practices (including the use of Mozambican languages) became associated with dissent and opposition to the political project (Route, 2019), a way of enhancing tribalism and thus, conflicting with FRELIMO’s project of national unity (Liphola, 2001). This affected the way Mozambican languages were treated thereafter. They were officially banned from use in administration and all official environments. The decision to choose Portuguese as the only official language poses a problem to the most fundamental aspect of language rights and the freedom of choice to realise one’s interests. The chapter discusses the language situation in Mozambique to determine the extent to which linguistic rights (LRs) are observed. The analysis focuses on language use, both in private and public domains. It turns out that, to a larger extent, the language rights are not upheld at public levels of language use. The chapter calls for a language policy that enhances language rights by giving the speakers the right to use their languages as means of instruction and communication at all levels in public domains.