The primary data for this study are 96 depression narratives collected from Italian people using guided plots and prompts based on Natural Semantic Metalanguage (Peeters and Marini, 2018). Of these narratives, 36 came from people with major depression, 27 from their caregivers, and 33 from their psychiatrists. The word solo/sola ‘alone’, in its masculine and feminine forms, respectively, was the most recurring word used by patients, followed by perso/persa ‘lost’ (Chesi, Marini and Reale, 2020). Differently from what would be expected from the DMS-5 diagnostics for depression (which emphasise “low self-esteem” and “feeling unworthy”), most Italian patients declared a sense of being solo/sola ‘alone’ and perso/persa ‘lost’. As for their caregivers and psychiatrists, they described the patients using the expressions triste ‘sad’, senza vita ‘without life’ and senza speranza ‘without hope’. The caregivers also referred to themselves using the words impotente ‘powerless’ and inadeguato ‘inadequate’. The collected narratives suggest that while patients are in the “being” dimension, in accordance with Italian cultural scripts for depression, their carers are in the “doing” dimension. This difference could help explain the loss of reciprocal understanding, contributing to the patients’ feelings of isolation and loneliness. A better alignment is needed between patients and carers, with the caregivers’ words revealing their need for help during depression. The chapter also discusses the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and the deep connections in Italian culture between depression and feelings of being alone (solo/sola) and lost (perso/persa).

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Solo/Sola and Perso/Persa as Recurrent Words Among Italian People With Depression: From Pre-pandemic to Pandemic Situation

  • Maria Giulia Marini,
  • Paola Chesi

摘要

The primary data for this study are 96 depression narratives collected from Italian people using guided plots and prompts based on Natural Semantic Metalanguage (Peeters and Marini, 2018). Of these narratives, 36 came from people with major depression, 27 from their caregivers, and 33 from their psychiatrists. The word solo/sola ‘alone’, in its masculine and feminine forms, respectively, was the most recurring word used by patients, followed by perso/persa ‘lost’ (Chesi, Marini and Reale, 2020). Differently from what would be expected from the DMS-5 diagnostics for depression (which emphasise “low self-esteem” and “feeling unworthy”), most Italian patients declared a sense of being solo/sola ‘alone’ and perso/persa ‘lost’. As for their caregivers and psychiatrists, they described the patients using the expressions triste ‘sad’, senza vita ‘without life’ and senza speranza ‘without hope’. The caregivers also referred to themselves using the words impotente ‘powerless’ and inadeguato ‘inadequate’. The collected narratives suggest that while patients are in the “being” dimension, in accordance with Italian cultural scripts for depression, their carers are in the “doing” dimension. This difference could help explain the loss of reciprocal understanding, contributing to the patients’ feelings of isolation and loneliness. A better alignment is needed between patients and carers, with the caregivers’ words revealing their need for help during depression. The chapter also discusses the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and the deep connections in Italian culture between depression and feelings of being alone (solo/sola) and lost (perso/persa).