This review examines the ecotoxicological effects of pesticides on non-target organisms, focusing on pollinators, beneficial insects, and wildlife. It explores the direct and indirect impacts of pesticide exposure, particularly the role of neonicotinoids in the decline of pollinator populations. The review addresses how climate change exacerbates these impacts through altered temperature regimes, changes in precipitation patterns, and increased rates of pesticide degradation. These environmental changes increase species vulnerability and contribute to geographical variations in the severity of pesticide effects. The discussion highlights species particularly susceptible to the combined stressors of pesticides and climate change, highlighting the complex interactions leading to population declines and ecosystem disruptions. It explores region-specific variations and stresses the importance of tailored mitigation strategies. Case studies of successful mitigation efforts provide valuable insights into best practices and strategies that can be adapted to other contexts. The review summarizes key findings, suggesting critical areas for future research and potential policy changes to better safeguard biodiversity and ecosystem services. It emphasizes the importance of implementing robust protection measures for non-target organisms to ensure the preservation of biodiversity and the sustainability of ecosystem services in the face of ongoing environmental changes.