Pesticides are a diverse range of chemical substances that play a pivotal role in modern agricultural practices by effectively eradicating insects, pests, and weeds. These substances are deliberately introduced into the environment to prevent, discourage, manage, or eradicate populations of insects, weeds, rodents, fungi, or other harmful pests. Their widespread application has become an integral component of contemporary agricultural and health strategies. However, improper use and disposal of pesticides have resulted in pesticide pollution, raising concerns about its detrimental impacts on human health and the delicate balance of ecosystems. These pesticide residues can cause acute or chronic adverse health effects such as headaches, dizziness, cancer, and reproductive imbalances as well as contribute to climate change. Therefore, this report discusses the uses and side effects of pesticides on human health and the environment on a global scale and also recommends the use of natural pesticides as an alternative to synthetic pesticides for a sustainable environment.