Patient blood management (PBM) is, by one definition, a patient-centered, systematic, evidence-based approach to improve patient outcomes by managing and preserving a patient’s own blood, while promoting patient safety and empowerment. PBM requires an organized, multidisciplinary approach to minimize or eliminate the need for allogeneic transfusion. All phases of perioperative care—pre-, intra-, and postoperative—offer opportunity to improve patient outcomes through PBM. PBM benefits found in published research studies include improvements in hospital length of stay (LOS), overall RBC transfusions, institutional costs, hospital mortality rates, infections, and single-unit transfusions. PBM programs also offer an alternative to patients who refuse blood transfusions. Hospital PBM certification is possible. In the USA, the Association for the Advancement of Blood & Biotherapies (AABB) offers a program in conjunction with The Joint Commission (TJC). Obstacles to PBM implementation include staff shortages, a lack of knowledge or awareness about PBM, and costs.