Linguistic relativity—the idea that the particular language one uses can shape how one thinks and experiences the world—has been the focus of centuries of philosophical debate. Today, anthropologists, linguists, psychologists, and philosophers have been using empirical techniques to raise that debate from the level of mere speculation into the realm of testable hypotheses. Beginning from Chiang’s novella “Story of Your Life,” this chapter considers the contemporary debate around linguistic relativity and assesses the current state of that debate, both empirically and philosophically.