Cereals like wheat, rice, and maize are vital for global food security, providing essential nutrients, delivering vital nutrients to communities worldwide. Improving grain quality is critical to address the challenges posed by rising population and ensuring sustainable food security. Advancements in genomics and genome editing have revolutionized breeding programs by providing comprehensive information on the genetic basis of desirable traits. Tools like marker-assisted selection, genome-wide association study (GWAS), and quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping accelerate gene discovery for more effective breeding. Genome-editing technologies, particularly CRISPR-Cas9, allow precise modifications of genes responsible for specific traits, enhancing grain quality. The integration of cutting-edge genomics and genome editing with conventional breeding methods is crucial for developing novel crop varieties with enhanced nutritional content, improved processing qualities, and increased resilience to environmental stresses. These technologies have demonstrated promising outcomes in increasing protein content, enhancing grain nutration quality and improving baking properties in cereal crops. The potential for improving cereal grain quality using genomics and genome editing is extensive and continues to grow as our understanding of cereal genomes evolves. In this chapter, we emphasize the advancements in genomics and genome editing and their role in enhancing cereal grain quality.