The article is devoted to the urgent problem of ensuring the durability of wooden buildings in conditions of significant fluctuations in temperature and humidity of the environment. Using the example of the city of Vladimir (Russia), where wooden housing construction has a rich history, an analysis of factors that negatively affect the condition of wooden structures is carried out. The study is based on the analysis of archival data on the construction of wooden buildings in the city of Vladimir in the period from the 40 s to the 70 s of the 20th century, as well as field studies of selected buildings. During the study, numerical calculations of rafter systems and attic beams were carried out in order to assess their strength and reliability. The results of the study show that the main factors affecting the durability of wooden buildings are biodeterioration and high humidity caused by poor waterproofing, lack of ventilation, and improper choice of insulation. The article contains practical recommendations for increasing the service life of wooden buildings in the city of Vladimir, based on practical experience and modern knowledge in the field of wood protection from biological destruction.