Expansive organic compounds containing hydrogen and carbon atoms liberated into the environment as a result of anthropogenic activity or genuine processes such as industrial processes, vehicular emissions, oil spills, and natural seepage are called environmental hydrocarbon pollutants. Following release, hydrocarbon pollutants undergo a sequence of biological, physical, and chemical alterations. These processes intricately shape their persistence and distribution across soil, water, and air environments. Factors such as advection, oxidation, and microbial degradation contribute to their dynamic behaviour, influencing their long-term presence in ecosystems. Hydrocarbon pollutants apply a significant hazard to environmental quality and human wellbeing because of their widespread occurrence and persistence in various ecosystems. Human health is at threat by hydrocarbon pollution in the environment when contaminated air, water, or food is consumed or directly exposed to it causing, can cause cancer, heart disease, respiratory issues, neurological diseases, liver damage, and gastrointestinal ailments. Human exposure to these pollutants can also be increased by consuming polluted seafood and agricultural goods due to the bioaccumulation of hydrocarbons in food chains. Moreover, long-term exposure to certain hydrocarbons, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), have been linked to carcinogenicity and other chronic health effects. This review seeks to clarify the various origins and methods of transportation for hydrocarbon pollutants, including both natural occurrences and human activities. Furthermore, it provides detailed perception towards the consequences of different hydrocarbons on physiology of human.