Integrating sustainable technologies has become a crucial aspect in the evolution of industries, specifically in advancing novel processes and products derived from environmental hydrocarbon sources. Novel developments in catalytic conversion, biotechnological applications, and green chemistry approaches characterize the vanguard of this paradigm shift. These technologies aim to tackle the environmental issues of hydrocarbon pollutants by applying precise engineering techniques and sustainable methodologies. Researchers are currently investigating efficient and selective conversion strategies that facilitate the synthesis of valuable chemicals from hydrocarbon waste streams via catalytic processes. Ecologically appropriate options for the degradation and transformation of hydrocarbon pollutants may be found in biotechnological technologies such as microbial remediation and bioconversion. Moreover, using green chemistry principles enables the establishment of procedures that prioritize the efficient use of resources, reduce the production of harmful by-products, and comply with sustainable practices. Combining these sustainable solutions can safeguard the environment and provide the groundwork for developing circular and ecologically friendly industrial processes.