Energy Management of Greenhouses in Smart Grids

This research addresses the imperative of energy management in greenhouses, particularly those equipped with measurement and control tools for optimal energy consumption and sustainable resource utilisation in greenhouse structures. The paper proposes an optimal energy management strategy for greenhouses, focusing on grid-connected and islanded modes, particularly emphasizing the latter due to resource scarcity. In grid-connected mode, the greenhouse trades power with the utility grid, aiming to minimize operational costs. Conversely, in islanded mode, reliance on local resources prompts the definition of control parameters for plant growth optimization. An algorithm is developed to prevent parameter range violations, and four crucial control parameters—indoor temperature, relative humidity, CO2 concentration, and indoor lighting—are considered. The integration of renewable sources, energy storage systems, and combined heat and power units, along with robust optimization methods, addresses uncertainties associated with renewable generation and various loads, contributing to greenhouse sustainability.