The war in Ukraine has had a devastating impact on all aspects of life, including education. Russian troops have destroyed orphanages, kindergartens, schools, and universities, leading to the loss of cultural heritage and human capital. The forced migration of young people has significantly harmed the Ukrainian education system and the future of the state. This article aims to explore the challenges faced by the education system in Ukraine, which have been exacerbated by the full-scale war in the country, and to propose solutions for preserving the country's human capital. This can be achieved through the development of the education system at a new technological level, providing high-quality knowledge and skills. The research methodology involved the use of general scientific methods such as analysis and synthesis, analogy and modeling, abstraction, and concretization, as well as system and graphic analysis. The article examines the state of secondary and higher education in Ukraine, considering the significant decline in the demographic situation due to low birth rates, high mortality among the working-age population, and increased external migration. It also analyzes the impact of higher education reforms on the composition of students in the country. The article further explores the functioning of domestic educational institutions in wartime conditions, the scale of forced migration of children and youth abroad, and the opportunities for Ukrainians to study abroad.