Waste heat recovery (WHR) involves capturing and utilizing heat energy that would otherwise be dissipated into the environment. Numerous studies indicated that the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) is a promising approach for waste heat recovery. The primary goal of this study is to refine the operational aspects of the ORC system to efficiently capture and convert heat from industrial kilns into electricity. The methodology involves a comprehensive approach encompassing design, simulation, and fundamental thermoeconomic analysis for the ORC system. The DWSIM software is utilized to simulate the ORC system and assess the resulting outcomes. The study analyzes three distinct conceptual designs of the ORC system, ultimately selecting the most promising design based on power generation, thermal efficiency, and payback period. This study also explores the influence of diverse working fluids on the thermal and economic performance of the ORC. Through thermoeconomic analysis and consideration of payback periods, the optimal design and the most suitable working fluid, R134a (tetrafluoroethane), were identified.