The Russian Orthodox Church has been a major provider of support and legitimation for the Putin regime since Kirill (Gundiaev) was elected patriarch in 2009. Since Russia launched a full-scale attack on Ukraine on 24 February 2022, the vast majority of the clergy and Orthodox laity have either explicitly supported the aggression or kept silent. A small minority, however, have publicly expressed criticism. Some priests have signed a collective statement against the war; others have denounced it in their sermons or on social media. Some have also suffered the consequences of this: some priests have been defrocked, and both clergy and laypeople have been fined or incarcerated. A few such instances have been reported in mainstream Russian media. This chapter examines the scope of and circumstances around such intra-church criticism of the war and provides an analysis of this criticism.