The Russian Orthodox Church has become increasingly drawn into the global culture wars, positioning itself in resistance to a perceived hegemony of secular-liberal “western values”. This imperative has had a far-reaching influence beyond the terrestrial borders of the Russian State and the church and has been much discussed in World Orthodoxy, academia, and the media. There has been less focus on the deep historiographical-theological roots of this imperative. Within Russia, concepts such as the katechon have gradually moved from the fringes of Orthodox “political theology” into mainstream debate, whilst in the West, popular slogans such as “the end of history” and “the right side of history” betray their theological genealogies. This chapter explores the origins and tensions between these two historiographies, both other-worldly and secular along with the neo-Slavophile reception of western theorists such as Carl Schmitt and Samuel P. Huntington.