Jaboticaba (Plinia spp.) is one of the most interesting trees and fruits native to Brazil, having shown remarkable application for the benefit of human beings. The first descriptions in literature are dated since colonial times, more precisely in the seventeenth century. Back then, the fruit was already described as considerably tall, capable of bearing large amounts of fruits of sweet juice, and occurring within the southeast region of Brazil. The tree’s history is associated with the influence of colonizers in the country, but most importantly with the indigenous people and old Tupi language, besides its impact in the nomenclature of cities. Starting in the nineteenth century, more reliable and scientific investigations were able to define jaboticaba’s botanical characteristics, geographical occurrence, and harvest seasons. In addition, studies performed mostly from the 2000s evidenced that the berry could represent an important source of bioactive compounds, with potential for product innovation and application in health and disease. All things considered, this chapter aims to deepen the investigations on jaboticaba’s historical background, based on early transcripts found in literature, in addition to providing information on species, occurrence, and uses by the consumer, industry, and researchers.