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This study aims to explore the thematic trends in religious tourism research, focusing on empirical studies conducted in Spain and Saudi Arabia. To achieve this, we began by collecting context-specific data using the Scopus and Web of Science databases, covering the period from 2015 to 2024. Subsequently, we applied natural language processing (NLP) techniques to preprocess the data. Methodologically, A co-word network analysis utilizing the Leiden algorithm identified four thematic clusters for both contexts, reporting meaningful convergences and contrasts. Religious tourism in Spain and Saudi Arabia shares common elements, notably the spiritual motivations of visitors and the importance placed on the overall pilgrimage experience. In both countries, pilgrims are driven by religious, cultural, and spiritual reasons. For instance, the Camino de Santiago in Spain and the Hajj in Saudi Arabia are significant pilgrimages beyond religious obligations, encompassing personal and emotional journeys. Both countries also prioritize sustainability and environmental concerns, though Spain focuses on reducing the ecological impact of accommodations, while Saudi Arabia uses technology to manage pilgrim flows efficiently. However, the two contexts differ significantly: Spain emphasizes cultural traditions and the balance between tourism and sacredness, while Saudi Arabia adopts a more standardized, service-oriented approach, focusing on infrastructure, logistics, and continuous improvement in line with Vision 2030. The originality of this study lies in its comparative approach, which examines two distinct destinations of religious tourism and highlights both the convergences and divergences in thematic trends. Although significant cultural and regulatory differences characterize these two contexts, the findings reveal common concerns regarding sustainability and enhancing the pilgrim experience. However, the strategies adopted to achieve these objectives vary considerably, reflecting local adaptations to the global demands of religious tourism management. This duality between the convergence of goals and the divergence of methods offers a new perspective on religious tourism. It underscores the importance of adaptive approaches in the planning and management of these destinations.

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A Comprehensive Insight into Religious Tourism Research Trends with Case Studies from Spain and Saudi Arabia: Constructing a Co-word Network Using the Leiden Clustering Algorithm and a Thematic Map

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Sara Sampieri,
  • Abdellah Saoualih,
  • Larbi Safaa,
  • Fernando Martinez de Carnero Calzada,
  • Simona Perone,
  • Agustín Martínez-Peláez

摘要

This study aims to explore the thematic trends in religious tourism research, focusing on empirical studies conducted in Spain and Saudi Arabia. To achieve this, we began by collecting context-specific data using the Scopus and Web of Science databases, covering the period from 2015 to 2024. Subsequently, we applied natural language processing (NLP) techniques to preprocess the data. Methodologically, A co-word network analysis utilizing the Leiden algorithm identified four thematic clusters for both contexts, reporting meaningful convergences and contrasts. Religious tourism in Spain and Saudi Arabia shares common elements, notably the spiritual motivations of visitors and the importance placed on the overall pilgrimage experience. In both countries, pilgrims are driven by religious, cultural, and spiritual reasons. For instance, the Camino de Santiago in Spain and the Hajj in Saudi Arabia are significant pilgrimages beyond religious obligations, encompassing personal and emotional journeys. Both countries also prioritize sustainability and environmental concerns, though Spain focuses on reducing the ecological impact of accommodations, while Saudi Arabia uses technology to manage pilgrim flows efficiently. However, the two contexts differ significantly: Spain emphasizes cultural traditions and the balance between tourism and sacredness, while Saudi Arabia adopts a more standardized, service-oriented approach, focusing on infrastructure, logistics, and continuous improvement in line with Vision 2030. The originality of this study lies in its comparative approach, which examines two distinct destinations of religious tourism and highlights both the convergences and divergences in thematic trends. Although significant cultural and regulatory differences characterize these two contexts, the findings reveal common concerns regarding sustainability and enhancing the pilgrim experience. However, the strategies adopted to achieve these objectives vary considerably, reflecting local adaptations to the global demands of religious tourism management. This duality between the convergence of goals and the divergence of methods offers a new perspective on religious tourism. It underscores the importance of adaptive approaches in the planning and management of these destinations.