Shoulder instability is a common problem that can significantly impair the function and quality of life of affected individuals. Traditionally, in case of bone defect, surgical options for the treatment of anterior shoulder instability involved open procedures, such as the Latarjet procedure, to address glenoid bone loss. Advancements in arthroscopic techniques have allowed for a less invasive and more effective surgical approach to shoulder instability, like the arthroscopic bone block procedure. This treatment aims to address glenoid bone loss and capsular deficiency, and is specifically designed for patients with recurrent anterior shoulder instability, young age, sportive activities, and glenoid defects that may result in a high risk of failure with traditional Bankart repair techniques. Bone block procedure preserves the native anatomy of the shoulder joint, minimizing the risk of complications. The free arthroscopic bone block procedure can utilize autografts, allografts, xenografts, or alloplasts as bone substitutes. Advantages of this procedure include the possibility of adding surgical arthroscopical procedures such as remplissage and ASA technique. The reduced morbidity associated with the arthroscopic approach and the use of special buttons to fix the bone graft eliminates the need for screws, reducing the risk of hardware complications such as loosening or irritation of surrounding structures. The arthroscopic bone block procedure has emerged as a promising technique for the treatment of shoulder instability with glenoid bone loss, preserving the native anatomy of the shoulder joint, allowing for better stability and function in the long term. Advancements in arthroscopic techniques and instrumentation continue to improve the accuracy and success of the arthroscopic bone block procedure. Overall, the arthroscopic bone block procedure holds great promise for the treatment of anterior glenohumeral instability.