Disorders of the hematopoietic system span a vast array of neoplastic and non-neoplastic conditions involving the blood and its components, including bone marrow, hemoglobin, blood proteins, and blood cells such as erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes at various stages of differentiation. The intraocular milieu may directly be affected by hematological malignancies in a number of ways, which include metastasis, hypercoagulable states, and microvascular ischemia. In addition, patients with hematopoietic neoplasms are often immunosuppressed, so they tend to develop opportunistic ocular infections. It should be kept in mind that any side effects of the anticancer treatment can occur and mimic the signs of intraocular disease.