This chapter discusses the diverse reforms implemented by the Ministry of Higher Education under successive Algerian governments, examining how political ideologies have shaped the Algerian university system since independence in 1962. Key reforms, such as the critical 1971 higher education (HE) reform following the nationalisation of oil and gas resources, aimed to assert Algeria’s autonomy by diminishing French influences. These reforms reflect the broader socio-economic objectives of the administrations in power and highlight the dynamic interplay between national policy, resource management, and educational restructuring. The chapter also discusses the abrupt shift from French to Arabic in HE, a move critiqued by some scholars for its lack of comprehensive linguistic analysis, yet acknowledged for addressing local labour demands and boosting the economy. Institutions like the University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB) played a pivotal role in producing highly skilled graduates to meet industrial needs. Subsequent sections explore the evolving educational landscape under different administrations, including the impact of President Chadli Bendjedid’s reforms and the influence of the Berber and Islamic movements. The chapter culminates with an analysis of the significant 2004 Licence, Master, Doctorat (LMD) reforms and the ongoing glotto-political dynamics, particularly the post-2019 shift towards English as a medium of instruction (EMI), reflecting a continued effort to align HE with national aspirations and global standards.