The aim of this chapter is to examine the nature of interest group activity at European level, breaking with the mainstream approach that focuses on the influence of interest groups on public decision-making. The demonstration is in keeping with a tradition of sociological analysis of interest groups and is based on a monographic survey of SMEunited, the eurogroup representing craft trades & SMEs at European Union level; it is based on a series of interviews with representatives and staff members, as well as access to the organization's archives. The reversal of the relevant question, by choosing no longer to start from the idea of an activity essentially oriented towards the pressure or co-production of decisions, modifies the evaluation of the importance of the very diverse forms of action engaged by the organisation. A register of collective action (which takes account of activity in favour of the group) redefines four types of policy in such a framework: a policy of influence, maintenance (in favour of the group), dissemination (promotion of the issue), and transmission (relay of European policies).