On the Analysis of EGaIn Liquid Antenna Array: Towards Enhanced Performance and Adaptability in Wireless Communication Systems
摘要
The current research presents a novel exploration into the design of a dipole crossed antenna array involving hybrid radiating elements composed of copper, annealed steel, and liquid metal (LM). Significantly, this study marks for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, the pioneering integration of LM radiating elements into an antenna array, introducing a capability to dynamically adjust the physical size of their radiating elements while maintaining optimal array performance. In particular, the configuration consists of a \(10\times 10\) array of dipole crossed antenna elements, mainly consisted of an alloy of eutectic Gallium Indium (EGaIn) cylinders. Each dipole consists of eight cylinders of EGaIn, achieving an exceptional efficiency exceeding 80% within a frequency range of 1.5 GHz to 2.1 GHz. Notably, the analysis results reveal a remarkable realized gain of 21 dB, with the radiation pattern remaining consistent across the entire operating frequency bandwidth. This innovative concept paves the way for future applications not in only in the realm of 5G cellular multiple input multiple output (MIMO) networks but also in the forthcoming 6G wireless communication systems.