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The amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the environment has doubled from the year 1990 to 2021, and thus, the rate of global warming has tremendously increased. The increase in GHG and global warming is the result of the dynamic transformation of urban climate. Most of the urban areas experience higher temperatures than the neighboring rural areas known as urban heat island (UHI). The key factor determining UHI is earth radiative skin temperature or land surface temperature (LST). UHI can be analyzed with the help of remote sensing which provides a time-efficient and economical approach for spatiotemporal analysis. The relationship between urban and rural areas is no longer seen as a contrast but is seen as the spectrum of continuity because of which site selection to investigate UHI has become a major problem. Thus, by incorporating the recently created concept of local climatic zones (LCZ), the traditional study of UHI has advanced. LCZ is a scheme based on local focus, climatic characteristics, and zonal representation. The paper aims to identify and assess the effect of LCZ parameters on the surface heat island (SUHI) of Shimla in Himachal Pradesh-India. Shimla Municipal Corporation (SMC) is a hilly topographic area in the Indian Himalayan Region (IHR). The LCZ data of Shimla was computed from the World Urban Database and Access Portal Tool (WUDAPT) used by researchers for urban climatological studies. The LCZ scheme of the SMC contains eight LCZ types, four built types, and four land cover types. To fully comprehend the current situation of SMC, the decadal growth of land use land cover (LULC) change and LST change from 2001 to 2021 has been created and analyzed on geographic information system (GIS). Urban heat island intensity for built-up classes was then calculated by overlapping the LST and LCZ map of the year 2021. The result revealed that LCZ 3 and LCZ 6 are regions with maximum intensity of high temperatures. This indicates that the quantitative measure of built-type LCZ classes plays a vital part in the formation of UHI. The data shows that each LCZ has different site exposure and land cover based on which mitigation strategies for built-type LCZ parameters have been identified.

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Use of “Local Climatic Zone” for Assessment of Surface Urban Heat Island of a Hill Town: A Case Example of Shimla

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Ashish Garg,
  • Sandeep Sharma

摘要

The amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the environment has doubled from the year 1990 to 2021, and thus, the rate of global warming has tremendously increased. The increase in GHG and global warming is the result of the dynamic transformation of urban climate. Most of the urban areas experience higher temperatures than the neighboring rural areas known as urban heat island (UHI). The key factor determining UHI is earth radiative skin temperature or land surface temperature (LST). UHI can be analyzed with the help of remote sensing which provides a time-efficient and economical approach for spatiotemporal analysis. The relationship between urban and rural areas is no longer seen as a contrast but is seen as the spectrum of continuity because of which site selection to investigate UHI has become a major problem. Thus, by incorporating the recently created concept of local climatic zones (LCZ), the traditional study of UHI has advanced. LCZ is a scheme based on local focus, climatic characteristics, and zonal representation. The paper aims to identify and assess the effect of LCZ parameters on the surface heat island (SUHI) of Shimla in Himachal Pradesh-India. Shimla Municipal Corporation (SMC) is a hilly topographic area in the Indian Himalayan Region (IHR). The LCZ data of Shimla was computed from the World Urban Database and Access Portal Tool (WUDAPT) used by researchers for urban climatological studies. The LCZ scheme of the SMC contains eight LCZ types, four built types, and four land cover types. To fully comprehend the current situation of SMC, the decadal growth of land use land cover (LULC) change and LST change from 2001 to 2021 has been created and analyzed on geographic information system (GIS). Urban heat island intensity for built-up classes was then calculated by overlapping the LST and LCZ map of the year 2021. The result revealed that LCZ 3 and LCZ 6 are regions with maximum intensity of high temperatures. This indicates that the quantitative measure of built-type LCZ classes plays a vital part in the formation of UHI. The data shows that each LCZ has different site exposure and land cover based on which mitigation strategies for built-type LCZ parameters have been identified.