This chapter summarises the findings of all 31 articles grouped under six parts and dealing with some of the critical issues covering marine and coastal resources of India in the context of sustainable development goal no 14 and the agenda of the Ocean decade. Most of the articles are case studies highlighting the present state, problems and prospects of the concerned resource sector. The volume beings with a chapter contextualising India’s marine and coastal resources within the larger frame of Indian Ocean. The last part of the book discusses coastal zone management and importance of spatial planning. In this concluding chapter we argue that our understanding of ocean science is far from comprehensive and mostly biased towards physical sciences. A transdisciplinary approach is necessary for future development of marine and coastal sciences and to accomplish the tasks envisaged under the agenda of Ocean decade.