From the geographical point of view, the study of the Indian Ocean and its rim should include the seas, the archipelagos, and the scattered islands. Among the world’s oceanic divisions, the Indian Ocean is the third-largest body of water. It encompasses about 70 million km2 of the Earth’s total water surface. It has passed through 180 million years of complicated geological history. The convergence of major plates resulted in the formation of seismically active mid-oceanic ridges, trenches and sub-marine canyons, innumerable active volcanoes, banks, marginal seas, coral islands, sub-marine fans, gulfs, straits, etc. The area demarcated from the Tropic of Cancer up to the 50°S latitude is how far the Indian Ocean extends. Because of its vast expanse, this ocean enjoys a wide range of climatic conditions which support a healthy marine ecosystem characterized by numerous corals, algae, enormous communities of fishes, and other fauna. Hundreds of islands and important island nations are hosted by the Indian Ocean. Presently, this has become one of the new frontiers of world tourism industry, though recently the same is being threatened, particularly the low-lying islands nearing extinction. This study focuses on the physiographic, biotic, cultural, economic, and political affairs of these major and minor islands.