Oceans play important role for sustainable development recognized globally. India has a coastline of above 7500 km, spanning into 9 maritime states and two union territories (UTs) in the mainland, and 2 islands with 12 major and 187 non-major ports, which play a crucial role in sustaining growth for trade and commerce. Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of India extends to 2.02 million km2 and the continental shelf area to 0.18 million km2. The Indian coast supports about 30% of her total population, and the marine and coastal ecosystems are known for high biological productivity and economic value. Country’s bio-economy has been projected at US $100 billion by 2025 to be accomplished by partnering with the central and state agencies focusing on blue economy. A vision document proposed harnessing business potential for India and international partners on sustainability of ocean resources for economic benefits. Blue economy as an agenda for economic growth can contribute to the sustainable use of natural resources for job creation, encourage innovation and provide opportunities for knowledge-based businesses. Harnessing India’s vast research capabilities in modern marine biology, ecology and marine biotechnology and a multidisciplinary approach is necessary to accomplish the task.