Marine and coastal resources have played an important role in India’s development since time immemorial. There is renewed interest in this sector to develop the blue economy, particularly in this decade (2020–2030), declared to be the decade of ocean science and also the decade of action for achieving sustainable development goals. This volume on Marine and Coastal Resources of India: Selected Case Studies is a collection of 31 chapters contributed by academicians, professionals, and scholars belonging to various disciplines. Organized into six parts, these chapters cover a wide range of subject matters, starting with the geology, geography, and biodiversity of the Indian Ocean followed by the geomorphology and ecology of the coastal states, the resources and challenges of resource development, the state of selected marine and coastal ecosystems, and coastal zone management. An overview of these chapters highlights the problems and prospects of resource development, their linkage to the sustainable development agenda, and the knowledge gap. Future development of marine and coastal resources in India requires spatial planning, transdisciplinary research, and the involvement of concerned stakeholders. This book provides important material for understanding the geographical diversity of the rich marine and coastal resources of the country, the dissemination of knowledge, awareness campaigns, and ocean literacy. It will be useful for academicians, professionals, researchers, students, and a larger society interested in marine and coastal resource management.