A Flight Data Recorder (FDR) (black box) is an electronic device for the secure storage of selected aircraft operational data. The stored record can be used in the event of an emergency, accident, or disaster as evidence or a source of information in the investigation of the causes of such incidents. We have designed and built our own hardware devices based on the chosen Arduino microcomputer. Using the necessary sensors that are capable of recording selected available aircraft data such as altitude, speed, temperature, congestion, and Global Positioning System (GPS) coordinates, we designed and built an FDR. Using the FDR, we recorded data from the connected sensors and compared it with the actual data obtained from the aircraft instruments and air navigation. The results of the comparison are presented in this paper. The second proposed device, Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR), is capable of storing the audio recording of the pilots’ communication from the cockpit of the aircraft, which is equally important in the investigation of aviation incidents. The use of these devices is also possible in a flight school when teaching future pilots.