Entrepreneurial Ecosystems: Positive and Fragmented Networks
摘要
Entrepreneurial ecosystems are characterized by their dense social networks of actors and factors located in a spatial context. The actors and factors cocreate value individually and in a combined manner through networking, which leads to positive spillovers that generate innovation and localization economies. This ecosystem network connectivity is comprised of mechanisms, infrastructure, and platforms that connect people, ideas, and resources in a system to achieve results, as defined by the social network theory. Networks are recognized as critical components of entrepreneurial ecosystems. Entrepreneurial ecosystems need to be recognized, not as isolated local systems but as interconnected ecosystems and sub-ecosystems emphasizing the networks that connect them through actors and factors. Entrepreneurs enhance ecosystems, but ecosystems also enhance entrepreneurship. Networks of institutions, organizations, and entrepreneurs play a critical role in driving entrepreneurial behavior, investment, and innovation, shaping regional economies. This study focused on the role of networks in the entrepreneurial ecosystems in Nelson Mandela Bay, South Africa. This study followed an inductive approach, a case study strategy and a qualitative data collection method. Economic development agents defined as communities of independent actors, such as government, universities, mentors, service providers, media, dealmakers, and large companies, were interviewed. The results were thematically analyzed and indicated two themes, firstly fragmented networks, indicating insufficient information and knowledge spillovers undermining cooperation. Secondly, positive networks where institutions and organizations create networking opportunities.