Complexity of infinite words is a widely studied field in combinatorics on words. A classical notion of a complexity of an infinite word is defined as a function counting, for each n, the number of its distinct factors (or blocks of consecutive letters) of length n. In their 1938 seminal paper on symbolic dynamics, Morse and Hedlund gave a relation between factor complexity and periodicity in infinite words; namely, they proved that each aperiodic infinite word w has factor complexity at least \(n+1\) for each length n. They further showed that an infinite word w has factor complexity \(n+1\) for each length n if and only if w is binary, aperiodic and balanced, i.e., w is a Sturmian word. In this paper, we consider various modifications of the notion of a complexity of infinite words and generalizations of Morse and Hedlund theorem.

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Complexity of Infinite Words

  • Svetlana Puzynina

摘要

Complexity of infinite words is a widely studied field in combinatorics on words. A classical notion of a complexity of an infinite word is defined as a function counting, for each n, the number of its distinct factors (or blocks of consecutive letters) of length n. In their 1938 seminal paper on symbolic dynamics, Morse and Hedlund gave a relation between factor complexity and periodicity in infinite words; namely, they proved that each aperiodic infinite word w has factor complexity at least \(n+1\) for each length n. They further showed that an infinite word w has factor complexity \(n+1\) for each length n if and only if w is binary, aperiodic and balanced, i.e., w is a Sturmian word. In this paper, we consider various modifications of the notion of a complexity of infinite words and generalizations of Morse and Hedlund theorem.