This chapter asserts that public investment in infrastructure is an enabler of economic growth and contributes to broad-based development. Over the past two decades, Emerging Market Economies and Low-Income Developing Countries have generally stepped-up public investment spending while Advanced Economies have seen a steady decline in investment rates. To achieve more effective infrastructure outcomes, governments should strengthen infrastructure governance which takes a holistic view of what is required to deliver public capital projects in an efficient and sustainable manner. This includes increased rigour in project appraisal and selection, effective capital budgeting and regular spending on maintenance. Alternative delivery mechanisms, such as PPPs and public corporations are also examined in the context of a complex set of fiscal risks related to delivering public infrastructure.