This chapter offers an overview of the neurobiology of human movement. The functions of specific areas and sites within the nervous system and how their integrative action ensures various aspects of movement will be described. A sequential approach will be adopted, commencing with the muscle and spinal cord, progressing through the brain stem and descending motor tracts, the motor cortex, and finally the basal ganglia and the cerebellum. While this may suggest serial processing, it is essential to recognize that the processing underlying human movements relies on parallel and integrated activities within and between the networks. The chapter concludes with a synthesis of the different elements and a description of how three critical movement behaviors are generated: reaching and grasping, balance and posture, and locomotion. Throughout the text, the implications of basic neurobiology in the context of neurorehabilitation will be emphasized.