Parkinson’s disease is an irreversible and gradually progressing neurological condition that results in several motor and non-motor symptoms. Currently, there are no pharmaceutical substances capable of halting the progression or evolution of Parkinson’s disease, and pharmacological treatments aimed at alleviating symptoms have limited efficacy on certain symptoms and frequently produce adverse effects. Consequently, non-pharmacological interventions with the potential to slow down or ameliorate the disease are of paramount importance. Exercise is a secure and pivotal component of the rehabilitation process for people with Parkinson’s disease, and it is the most well-researched Parkinson rehabilitation intervention. Preliminary knowledge suggests that exercise can initiate neuroprotection and regeneration through various molecular pathways. These pathways involve the upregulation or control of neurotrophic factors that regulate or support different processes, enhancing neurogenesis, angiogenesis, dopamine transport, synaptic transmitter release, autophagy, neuronal sprouting, and mitochondrial function, while also reducing inflammation and cellular demise. However, people with Parkinson’s face specific neuroplastic challenges related to their reduced dopaminergic response, which affects their motivation and reward-driven learning. To address these challenges, strategies like cueing and feedback can be helpful. This chapter describes the prevalence, incidence, prognosis, and pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease. Characteristic motor and non-motor symptoms of the disease are presented, and treatment of many of these symptoms is discussed with a special focus on exercise as an intervention.