Stroke is leading cause of disability and second leading cause of death worldwide. Advances in acute and peri-acute stroke management have decreased stroke mortality by at least 65% such that there are currently more than 101 million people living with stroke sequelae representing a near doubling of the number of stroke survivors over the last 30 years. As a result, more effective and efficient rehabilitation interventions are needed to promote recovery of function following stroke, especially for younger individuals in the most vital and productive years of their lives. To this end, the field of neurorehabilitation has acknowledged neuroplasticity as the basis of neurorehabilitation and begun to incorporate knowledge from basic science demonstrating the central nervous system’s capacity for experience-driven adaptation. Neurorehabilitation incorporates a wide range of strategies and interventions aimed at promoting recovery of function. Rehabilitation practitioners play a key role in this process. Therefore, understanding the intersection between rehabilitation and neuroplasticity is important for developing effective rehabilitation interventions that optimize neural recovery and reorganization following stroke. The success of rehabilitation strategies in inducing neuroplasticity after a stroke depends not only on the type of interventions but also on their intensity, dose, and timing within the poststroke recovery period.